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In most instances, vaccination is accepted to be the most effective method of preventing Culicoides-borne arbovirus transmission, as it has proven to be successful in large-scale campaigns. Under certain scenarios, however, vaccines require time to be developed and deployed…

Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses (EEHVs) are the cause of a highly fatal haemorrhagic disease in elephants primarily affecting young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in both captivity and in the wild. The viruses have emerged as a significant threat to Asian elephant…

Bovine rhinitis viruses (BRVs) cause mild respiratory disease of cattle. In this study, a near full-length genome sequence of a virus named RS3X (formerly classified as bovine rhinovirus type 1), isolated from infected cattle from the UK in the 1960s, was obtained and…

Bluetongue (BT) is an insect-transmitted viral disease of wild and domestic ruminants and, occasionally, other species. Amongst domestic livestock, BT is most common in certain breeds of sheep whereas asymptomatic BT virus (BTV) infection of cattle is typical in enzootic…

The objective of this study was to compare and analyze three common diagnostic methods for summer eczema (SE) in horses, an allergic dermatitis caused by bites of Culicoides spp. Nine horses with a medical history of SE and nine control animals were intradermally challenged…

In 2006, bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) caused the first recorded bluetongue outbreak in northern Europe. This occurred in countries with no previous history of bluetongue virus incursion, including the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. Following a halt to disease…

Since 1998, six distinct serotypes of Bluetongue virus (BTV) have invaded Southern and Central Europe, persisting in some regions for up to 6 years and resulting in the deaths of >1.8 million sheep. Rapid and reliable methods of virus detection and identification play an…

Salivary proteins of hematophagous Culicoides spp. are thought to play an important role in pathogen transmission and skin hypersensitivity. Analysis of these proteins, however, has been problematic due to the difficulty in obtaining adequate amounts of secreted Culicoides…