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Chicken IFN Kappa: a novel cytokine with antiviral activities

Interferons (IFNs) are essential components of the host innate immune system and define first-line of defence against pathogens. In mammals, several type I IFNs are identified, however, only limited data is available on the repertoire of IFNs in avian species. Here we report…

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Variable BCG efficacy in rhesus populations: Pulmonary BCG provides protection where standard intra-dermal vaccination fails

M.bovis BCG vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) notoriously displays variable protective efficacy in different human populations. In non-human primate studies using rhesus macaques, despite efforts to standardise the model, we have also observed variable efficacy of BCG…

New study shows early detection of foot-and-mouth disease could help limit culling

Pre-clinical diagnosis could be key to helping control the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in the event of an outbreak, a new study from scientists at The Pirbright Institute and Wageningen Bioveterinary Research has concluded. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD…

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Control of the induction of type I interferon by peste des petits ruminants virus

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a morbillivirus that produces clinical disease in goats and sheep. We have studied the induction of interferon-β (IFN-β) following infection of cultured cells with wild-type and vaccine strains of PPRV, and the effects of such…

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Accurate characterization of the IFITM locus using MiSeq and PacBio sequencing shows genetic variation in Galliformes

Interferon inducible transmembrane (IFITM) proteins are effectors of the immune system widely characterized for their role in restricting infection by diverse enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The chicken IFITM (chIFITM) genes are clustered on chromosome 5 and to date…

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Persistence of lineage IV peste-des-petits ruminants virus within Israel since 1993: an evolutionary perspective

Peste-des-petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the most important infectious diseases of domesticated small ruminants. From the initial identification in 1942 in West Africa, PPR virus (PPRV) has spread throughout much of the developing world. PPRV is now considered endemic…

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Evaluation and identification of Marek's disease virus BAC clones as standardized reagents for research

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes Marek's disease (MD), a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens. Understanding of MDV gene function advanced significantly following the cloning of the MDV genome as either a series of overlapping cosmids or as a…

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The sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of African horse sickness and equine encephalosis in selected horse and donkey populations in Zimbabwe

Sentinel herds and samples submitted by private equine practitioners were used to determine the sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and equine encephalosis virus (EEV) in horse and donkey populations in the Highveld region of Zimbabwe…

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Culicoides-virus interactions: infection barriers and possible factors underlying vector competence

In the United States, Culicoides midges vector arboviruses of economic importance such as bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. A limited number of studies have demonstrated the complexities of midgevirus interactions, including dynamic changes in virus…

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Differentially expressed genes during spontaneous lytic switch of Marek's disease virus in lymphoblastoid cell lines determined by global gene expression profiling

Mareks disease virus (MDV), an alphaherpesvirus of poultry, causes Mareks disease and is characterized by visceral CD4+TCR??+ T-cell lymphomas in susceptible hosts. Immortal cell lines harbouring the viral genome have been generated from ex vivo cultures of MD tumours. As…