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Conserved patterns in developmental processes and phases, rather than genes, unite the highly divergent bilateria

Bilateria are the predominant clade of animals on Earth. Despite having evolved a wide variety of body plans and developmental modes, they are characterized by common morphological traits. By default, researchers have tried to link clade-specific genes to these traits, thus…

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Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells are a suitable cell line for the propagation and study of the bovine poxvirus lumpy skin disease virus

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a poxvirus that causes systemic disease in cattle, resulting in substantial economic loss to affected communities. LSDV is a rapidly emerging pathogen of growing global concern that recently spread from Africa and the Middle East into…

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Understanding the mechanisms underlying host restriction of insect-specific viruses

Arthropod-borne viruses contribute significantly to global mortality and morbidity in humans and animals. These viruses are mainly transmitted between susceptible vertebrate hosts by hematophagous arthropod vectors, especially mosquitoes. Recently, there has been substantial…

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Identification of a functional small non-coding RNA encoded by African swine fever virus

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a lethal haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs, against which there is no vaccine available. ASFV has a large, double-stranded DNA genome that encodes over 150 proteins. Replication takes place predominantly in the cytoplasm of the…

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Quantifying the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle via a contaminated environment

Indirect transmission via a contaminated environment can occur for a number of pathogens, even those typically thought of as being directly transmitted, such as influenza virus, norovirus, bovine tuberculosis, or foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Indirect transmission…

Human bronchial epithelial cells with staining for RSV protein (green), NFKB p65 (red) and DNA (blue).

Pirbright discovers respiratory virus steals proteins to halt antiviral response

Viruses have evolved many ways to avoid detection by the immune system. A recent study by scientists at The Pirbright Institute has revealed that both bovine and human respiratory syncytial viruses (bRSV and hRSV respectively) capture a protein that is important for the…

Human bronchial epithelial cells with staining for RSV protein (green), NFKB p65 (red) and DNA (blue).

Pirbright discovers respiratory virus steals proteins to halt antiviral response

Viruses have evolved many ways to avoid detection by the immune system. A recent study by scientists at The Pirbright Institute has revealed that both bovine and human respiratory syncytial viruses (bRSV and hRSV respectively) capture a protein that is important for the…

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Identification of Newcastle disease virus subgenotype VII.2 in wild birds in Turkey

Background: Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) can spread across continents via migratory birds. Hence, we investigated the frequency of NDV in both non-migratory and birds migrating on the Black Sea-Mediterranean flyway, in Istanbul, Turkey. Birds were trapped using nets…

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The characterisation of chIFITMs in avian coronavirus infection in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro

The coronaviruses are a large family of enveloped RNA viruses that commonly cause gastrointestinal or respiratory illnesses in the infected host. Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen of chickens that can affect the…

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The characterisation of chIFITMs in avian coronavirus infection in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro

The coronaviruses are a large family of enveloped RNA viruses that commonly cause gastrointestinal or respiratory illnesses in the infected host. Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen of chickens that can affect the…