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Detection of protein-protein interactions using tandem affinity purification

Tandem affinity purification (TAP) is an invaluable technique for identifying interaction partners for an affinity tagged bait protein. The approach relies on the fusion of dual tags to the bait before separate rounds of affinity purification and precipitation. Frequently…

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Pathology caused by persistent murine norovirus infection

Subclinical infection of murine norovirus (MNV) was detected in a mixed breeding group of WT and Stat1(-/-) mice with no outward evidence of morbidity or mortality. Investigations revealed the presence of an attenuated MNV variant that did not cause cytopathic effects in…

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Influence of genome-scale RNA structure disruption on the replication of murine norovirus--similar replication kinetics in cell culture but attenuation of viral fitness in vivo

Mechanisms by which certain RNA viruses, such as hepatitis C virus, establish persistent infections and cause chronic disease are of fundamental importance in viral pathogenesis. Mammalian positive-stranded RNA viruses establishing persistence typically possess genome-scale…

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Development of a reverse-genetics system for murine norovirus 3: long-term persistence occurs in the caecum and colon

Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide, yet, due to the inability to propagate HuNoV in cell culture, murine norovirus (MNV) is typically used as a surrogate to study norovirus biology. MNV-3 represents an attractive strain to study…

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Identification of protein interacting partners using tandem affinity purification

A critical and often limiting step in understanding the function of host and viral proteins is the identification of interacting cellular or viral protein partners. There are many approaches that allow the identification of interacting partners, including the yeast two…

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High-resolution functional profiling of the norovirus genome

Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are a major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, yet details of the life cycle and replication of HuNoV are relatively unknown due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system. Studies with murine norovirus (MNV), which can be…

Genetically altered African swine fever virus shows promise as a vaccine

Scientists at The Pirbright Institute have found that deleting a gene of the African swine fever virus (ASFV), a severe and often fatal disease of pigs, reduces its ability to cause infection and protects against a strain of the virus that causes severe disease. In the study…

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Genetic economy in picornaviruses: foot-and-mouth disease virus replication exploits alternative precursor cleavage pathways

The RNA genomes of picornaviruses are translated into single polyproteins which are subsequently cleaved that into structural and non-structural protein products. For genetic economy, proteins and processing intermediates have evolved to perform distinct functions. The…

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Structures of foot and mouth disease virus pentamers: Insight into capsid dissociation and unexpected pentamer reassociation

This is the first structure of dissociated pentamers for FMDV, and indeed for any picornavirus. We also present the first visualization of a picornavirus particle assembled from pentamers comprising VP1, 2 and 3. The formation of regular assemblies rather than random…

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Deletion of the African swine fever virus gene DP148R does not reduce virus replication in culture but reduces virus virulence in pigs and induces high levels of protection against challenge

Many of the approximately 165 proteins encoded by African swine fever virus do not have significant similarity to known proteins and have not been studied experimentally. One such protein is DP148R. We showed that the DP148R gene is transcribed at early times post-infection…