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Collection and analysis of salivary proteins from the biting midge Culicoides nubeculosus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Salivary proteins of hematophagous Culicoides spp. are thought to play an important role in pathogen transmission and skin hypersensitivity. Analysis of these proteins, however, has been problematic due to the difficulty in obtaining adequate amounts of secreted Culicoides…

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Industry-wide surveillance of Marek's disease virus on commercial poultry farms

Marek's disease virus is a herpesvirus of chickens that costs the worldwide poultry industry more than US$1 billion annually. Two generations of Marek's disease vaccines have shown reduced efficacy over the last half century due to evolution of the virus. Understanding where…

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Evolutionary insights into the fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus isolated from vaccinated chickens in 2016 in Egypt

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections are one of the most devastating causes of economic losses in the poultry industry and despite extensive vaccination, outbreaks are being reported around the globe especially from developing and tropical countries. Analysis of NDV…

New collaborations with India as Pirbright is awarded grants through the Farmed Animal Health and Disease fund

The Farmed Animal Health and Disease fund is a joint initiative between the UK’s Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) in India. Set up to encourage collaborative projects between universities and research institutes…

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Subset-specific expression of toll-like receptors by bovine afferent lymph dendritic cells

Within the ruminant system, several possibilities exist to generate dendritic cells migrating out from the tissue into the regional draining lymphnodes as afferent lymph dendritic cells (ALDC). Here, we analysed Toll-like receptor (TLR) 110 mRNA expression by using…

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Impact of FMD outbreak on milk production and heifers' growth on a dairy herd in southern Iran

Foot and mouth disease is endemic in Middle Eastern countries including Iran but its impact is poorly characterized. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of FMD outbreak on milk production and heifers' growth in an industrial dairy herd located in Fars…

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Conditions for success of engineered underdominance gene drive systems

Engineered underdominance is one of a number of different gene drive strategies that have been proposed for the genetic control of insect vectors of disease. Here we model a two-locus engineered underdominance based gene drive system that is based on the concept of mutually…

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Decomposing the site frequency spectrum: the impact of tree topology on neutrality tests

We investigate the dependence of the site frequency spectrum (SFS) on the topological structure of genealogical trees. We show that basic population genetic statistics-for instance estimators of theta or neutrality tests such as Tajima's D-can be decomposed into components…

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Modulation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in antigen-presenting cells by bovine respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an important cause of respiratory disease in young cattle and is closely related to human RSV (HRSV), which causes severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. The RSV genome encodes a small hydrophobic (SH) protein with…

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High-speed fixed-target serial virus crystallography

We report a method for serial X-ray crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), which allows for full use of the current 120-Hz repetition rate of the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Using a micropatterned silicon chip in combination with the high-speed…