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The biting midge Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is capable of developing late stage infections of Leishmania enriettii

This study investigates the laboratory infection of two species of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and one species of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) with two species of Leishmania. These members of the L. enriettii complex were demonstrated to colonize…

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Complete genome sequence analysis of a vaccine strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O from Pakistan

Sequencing and subsequent analysis of a vaccine strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O is reported here. Genomic heterogeneity in the protective epitopes (VP1 protein) of the reported strain, compared to characterized strains and available sequences from Pakistan…

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Vitamin D3 modulates the function of chicken macrophages

Vitamin D3 is known to modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses in mammals, but there is little information on its effects on avian immune system cells. Here, we studied the effects of vitamin D3 on chicken macrophages. Chicken macrophages expressed vitamin D…

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Collaboration & commercialisation

The Pirbright Institute develops reagents, tools and new techniques for diagnosing viral diseases and for species specific research. This important work is done in-house, in collaboration with other research institutes, and via public-private partnerships. This means…

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Vaccines against peste des petits ruminants virus

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and economically important viral disease affecting goats, sheep and wild ruminants. The disease is currently circulating in Asian and African countries, creating problems in small ruminant farming. Current control of…

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Analysis of the early immune response to infection by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in chickens differing in their resistance to the disease

Chicken whole-genome gene expression arrays were used to analyze the host response to infection by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Spleen and bursal tissue were examined from control and infected birds at 2, 3, and 4 days postinfection from two lines that differ in…

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The early immune response to infection of chickens with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in susceptible and resistant birds

Infectious Bronchitis is a highly contagious respiratory disease which causes tracheal lesions and also affects the reproductive tract and is responsible for large economic losses to the poultry industry every year. This is due to both mortality (either directly provoked by…

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Cross-species infectivity of H3N8 influenza virus in an experimental infection in swine

Avian influenza A viruses have gained increasing attention due to their ability to cross the species barrier and cause severe disease in humans and other mammal species as pigs. H3 and particularly H3N8 viruses, are highly adaptive since they are found in multiple avian and…

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Efficacy of a virus-vectored vaccine against human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and the elderly for which there is still no effective vaccine. We have previously shown that PanAd3-RSV, which is a chimpanzee adenovirusvectored vaccine candidate that…

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Defensins from the tick Ixodes scapularis are effective against phytopathogenic fungi and the human bacterial pathogen Listeria grayi

Background: Ixodes scapularis is the most common tick species in North America and a vector of important pathogens that cause diseases in humans and animals including Lyme disease, anaplasmosis and babesiosis. Tick defensins have been identified as a new source of…