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Molecular epidemiology studies of bluetongue virus. (Chapter 7)

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Bluetongue virus diagnosis. (Chapter 17)

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Inhibition of a large double-stranded DNA virus by MxA protein

Increasing evidence points to the importance of the interferon (IFN) response in determining the host range and virulence of African swine fever virus (ASFV). Infection with attenuated strains of ASFV leads to the upregulation of genes controlled by IFN pathways, including…

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Evolution and phylogenetic analysis of full-length VP3 genes of Eastern Mediterranean bluetongue virus isolates

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the type species of the genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae. The BTV genome is composed of ten linear segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), each of which codes for one of ten distinct viral proteins. Previous phylogenetic comparisons…

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Meiotic recombination generates rich diversity in NK cell receptor genes, alleles, and haplotypes

Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to the essential functions of innate immunity and reproduction. Various genes encode NK cell receptors that recognize the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I molecules expressed by other cells. For primate NK cells, the killer…

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Seroconversion, neutralising antibodies and protection in bluetongue serotype 8 vaccinated sheep

Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) has caused a major outbreak of disease in cattle and sheep in several countries across northern and western Europe from 2006 to 2008. In 2008 the European Union instigated a mass-vaccination programme in affected countries using whole…

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Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus: strategies and effectiveness

Although present conventional foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines can prevent clinical disease, protection is short lived (?6 months), often requiring frequent revaccination for prophylactic control, and vaccination does not induce rapid protection against challenge or…

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Investigations into the cause of foot-and-mouth disease virus seropositive small ruminants in Cyprus during 2007

In 2007, serological evidence for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infection was found as a result of differential diagnostic testing of Cypriot sheep suspected to be infected with bluetongue or contagious ecthyma. Seropositive sheep and goats were subsequently uncovered on ten…

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Apoptosis in lymphoid tissues of calves inoculated with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1: activation of effector caspase-3 and role of macrophages

The mechanisms responsible for lymphocyte apoptosis in bovine viral diarrhoea have not yet been clarified. Previous work suggests that bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is only directly responsible for the destruction of a small number of lymphocytes. The aim of this study…

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Morphological changes and virus distribution in the ileum of colostrum-deprived calves inoculated with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus genotype-1

Eight colostrum-deprived calves were inoculated intranasally with a non-cytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) genotype-1 and killed in batches of two at 3, 6, 9 and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi). Two non-inoculated animals with similar background served…