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Recombinant avian infectious bronchitis virus expressing a heterologous spike gene demonstrates that the spike protein is a determinant of cell tropism

A recombinant infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), BeauR-M41(S), was generated using our reverse genetics system (R. Casais, V. Thiel, S. G. Siddell, D. Cavanagh, and P. Britton, J. Virol. 75:12359-12369, 2001), in which the ectodomain region of the spike gene from IBV M41-CK…

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Viral infection switches non-plasmacytoid dendritic cells into high interferon producers

Type I interferons (IFN-I) are important cytokines linking innate and adaptive immunity(1). Plasmacytoid dendritic cells make high levels of IFN-I in response to viral infection and are thought to be the major source of the cytokines in vivo(2). Here, we show that…

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Rinderpest virus lineage differentiation using RT-PCR and SNAP-ELISA

An RT-PCR/ELISA system has been developed that detects and differentiates Rinderpest virus (RPV) from the other closely related morbillivirus of ruminants, Peste des petits Ruminants virus (PPRV). In addition, using lineage specific probes, it is possible to determine…

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Differential effects of bovine viral diarrhoea virus on monocytes and dendritic cells

Various pathogens have been shown to infect antigen-presenting cells and affect their capacity to interact with and stimulate T-cell responses. We have used an antigenically identical pair of noncytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp) bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)…

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African swine fever and classical swine fever: a review of the pathogenesis

This paper describes major pathogenetic mechanisms of African and Classical Swine Fever virus infections. The interactions between both viruses and the monocyte-macrophage-system result in the release of mediator molecules, which are important for the further progression of…

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Classical swine fever: Pathology of bone marrow

Twenty pigs were inoculated with a virulent isolate (Quillota strain) of classical swine fever (CSF) virus to determine the chronological development of lesions in bone marrow. Histopathologic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical (detection of viral antigen gp55, myeloid…

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Characterization of secreted and intracellular forms of a truncated hepatitis C virus E2 protein expressed by a recombinant herpes simplex virus

A replication-defective herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) recombinant lacking the glycoprotein H (gH)-encoding gene and expressing a truncated form of the hepatitis C (HCV) E2 glycoprotein (E2-661) was constructed and characterized. We show here that cells infected with…

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Sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus: editing of the gene transcript

The gene encoding the phosphoprotein of the vaccine strain of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus (Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain) has been cloned and its nucleotide sequence been determined. This gene is 1655 nucleotides long and encodes two overlapping open reading frames…

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Novel perforin mutation in a patient with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and CD45 abnormal splicing

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) composes a group of rare heterogenous disorders characterized by uncontrolled accumulation and infiltration of activated T lymphocytes and macrophages. Cytotoxic T and natural killer cell activity is significantly reduced or absent in…

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Coinfection by Cryptosporidium parvum and porcine circovirus type 2 in weaned pigs

Routine histopathological diagnosis of one representative 3-month-old pig from a group suffering from diarrhoea revealed a massive degree of parasitation by Cryptosporidium parvum , with a concomitant infection by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), that was confirmed by…