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Protection induced by simultaneous subcutaneous and endobronchial vaccination with BCG/BCG and BCG/adenovirus expressing antigen 85A against Mycobacterium bovis in cattle

The incidence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in the GB has been increasing since the 1980s. Immunisation, alongside current control measures, has been proposed as a sustainable measure to control bTB. Immunisation with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has…

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Marek's disease virus undergoes complete morphogenesis after reactivation in T-lymphoblastoid cell line transformed by recombinant fluorescent marker virus

T-lymphocytes are central targets of Marek's disease, a major chicken disease induced by the oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV). T-lymphocyte infection is also associated with immunosuppression and virus latency. To decipher viral morphogenesis in T…

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The proteome of the infectious bronchitis virus Beau-R Virion

Infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry caused by the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. It was thought that coronavirus virions were composed of three major viral structural proteins, until investigations of other coronaviruses…

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Serological profile of foot-and-mouth disease in wildlife populations of West and Central Africa with special reference to Syncerus caffer subspecies

The role which West and Central African wildlife populations might play in the transmission dynamics of FMD is not known nor have studies been performed in order to assess the distribution and prevalence of FMD in wild animal species inhabiting those specific regions of…

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Defining routes to neurodegeneration and the impact of the immune system

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The relative magnitude of transgene-specific adaptive immune responses induced by human and chimpanzee adenovirus vectors differs between laboratory animals and a target species

Adenovirus vaccine vectors generated from new viral serotypes are routinely screened in pre-clinical laboratory animal models to identify the most immunogenic and efficacious candidates for further evaluation in clinical human and veterinary settings. Here, we show that…

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A review of knowledge gaps and tools for orbivirus research

Although recognized as causing emerging and re-emerging disease outbreaks worldwide since the late 1800s, there has been growing interest in the United States and Europe in recent years in orbiviruses, their insect vectors, and the diseases they cause in domestic livestock…

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Improving T cell-induced response to subunit vaccines: opportunities for a proteomic systems approach

Prophylactic vaccines are an effective strategy to prevent development of many infectious diseases. With new and re-emerging infections posing increasing risks to food stocks and the health of the population in general, there is a need to improve the rationale of vaccine…

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Ability of the encephalitic arbovirus Semliki Forest virus to cross the blood brain barrier is determined by the charge of the E2 glycoprotein

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) provides a well-characterized model system to study the pathogenesis of virus encephalitis. Several studies have used virus derived from the molecular clone SFV4. SFV4 virus does not have the same phenotype as the closely related L10 or the…

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Differential viral fitness between H1N1 and H3N8 avian influenza viruses isolated from Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Homo- and hetero-subtypic immunity in Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) play an important role in the avian influenza virus (AIV) diversity. The mechanisms of AIV replication among wild birds and the role of immunity in AIV diversity have thus not been completely clarified…