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In order to develop novel solutions to avian disease problems, including novel vaccines and/or vaccine adjuvants, and the identification of disease resistance genes which can feed into conventional breeding programmes, it is necessary to gain a more thorough understanding of…

Winds may play a major role in spread of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Arboviruses like epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), bluetongue virus and bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) frequently cause major outbreaks in Israel with a unique pattern of spread…

Rapid and accurate diagnostic tests make an important contribution to programmes to monitor and eradicate infectious diseases that impact animal and plant health. Using foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and sudden oak death as examples, this review outlines recent progress to…

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) is an innate pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in protection against intracellular pathogens. Existing methods for measuring TNF-? production and function in ruminants are limited to ELISA and many rely on polyclonal antisera. With a…

Background: The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is a vector of several arboviruses including dengue and chikungunya. This highly invasive species originating from Southeast Asia has travelled the world in the last 30 years and is now established in Europe…

Background: Tick cell lines are now available from fifteen ixodid and argasid species of medical and veterinary importance. However, some tick cell lines can be difficult to cryopreserve, and improved protocols for short- and long-term low temperature storage will greatly…

Background: Combinatorial RNA interference (co-RNAi) is a valuable tool for highly effective gene suppression of single and multiple-genes targets, and can be used to prevent the escape of mutation-prone transcripts. There are currently three main approaches used to achieve…

The Genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) of the Poxviridae family comprises sheep poxvirus (SPPV), goat poxvirus (GTPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) which are responsible for economically important diseases affecting sheep, goats and cattle respectively. To date, there have…

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an animal and zoonotic pathogen of worldwide importance. Intestinal colonization, induction of enteritis and systemic translocation by this bacterium requires type III protein secretion. Strategies that target this process have the…