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Avian influenza (bird flu) affects birds globally and can infect humans, with potential to spark pandemics through new strains.

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) infects avian species, causing tumors and productivity losses.

Bluetongue virus is spread by biting midges and causes severe disease in ruminants.

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) causes severe respiratory illness in cattle.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infects humans and is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is highly contagious, infecting cloven-hoofed animals and causing severe economic impact.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly infectious poultry pathogen.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes Gumboro disease, which weakens the immune system of infected poultry.

Lumpy skin disease virus causes lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle and buffalo, characterised by nodular skin lesions.

Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) infects sheep and goats and is transmitted by ticks.