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Functional neuraminidase inhibitor resistance motifs in avian influenza A(H5Nx) viruses

Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are antiviral agents recommended worldwide to treat or prevent influenza virus infections in humans. Past influenza virus pandemics seeded by zoonotic infection by avian influenza viruses (AIV) as well as the increasing number of human…

M41 infection in primary chicken kidney cell cultures. They have been labelled anti-E (red) and anti-IBV (green) and the nuclei are labelled blue with DAPI.

Pirbright scientists identify new genes in infectious bronchitis virus

Two new genes have been identified in infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus that causes an acute, highly contagious and economically important respiratory disease of poultry. The research, carried out by scientists at The Pirbright Institute, raises the prospect…

M41 infection in primary chicken kidney cell cultures. They have been labelled anti-E (red) and anti-IBV (green) and the nuclei are labelled blue with DAPI.

Pirbright scientists identify new genes in infectious bronchitis virus

Two new genes have been identified in infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus that causes an acute, highly contagious and economically important respiratory disease of poultry. The research, carried out by scientists at The Pirbright Institute, raises the prospect…

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Multiple novel non-canonically transcribed sub-genomic mRNAs produced by avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus

Coronavirus sub-genomic mRNA (sgmRNA) synthesis occurs via a process of discontinuous transcription involving complementary transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs), one (TRS-L) encompassing the leader sequence of the 5' untranslated region (UTR), and the other upstream of…

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Multiple novel non-canonically transcribed sub-genomic mRNAs produced by avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus

Coronavirus sub-genomic mRNA (sgmRNA) synthesis occurs via a process of discontinuous transcription involving complementary transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs), one (TRS-L) encompassing the leader sequence of the 5' untranslated region (UTR), and the other upstream of…

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Multiple novel non-canonically transcribed sub-genomic mRNAs produced by avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus

Coronavirus sub-genomic mRNA (sgmRNA) synthesis occurs via a process of discontinuous transcription involving complementary transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs), one (TRS-L) encompassing the leader sequence of the 5' untranslated region (UTR), and the other upstream of…

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Evaluation of cell lines for the isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus and other viruses causing vesicular disease

The most sensitive cell culture system for the isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is primary bovine thyroid (BTY) cells. However, BTY cells are seldom used because of the challenges associated with sourcing thyroids from FMDV-negative calves (particularly in…

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A novel antiviral formulation inhibits a range of enveloped viruses

Some free fatty acids derived from milk and vegetable oils are known to have potent antiviral and antibacterial properties. However, therapeutic applications of short- to medium-chain fatty acids are limited by physical characteristics such as immiscibility in aqueous…

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The Veterinary Immunological Toolbox: Past, Present and Future

It is well-recognized that research capability in veterinary species is restricted by a lack of immunological reagents relative to the extensive toolboxes for small rodent biomedical model species and humans. This creates a barrier to the strategic development of disease…

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Immune escape adaptive mutations in the H7N9 avian influenza hemagglutinin protein increase virus replication fitness and decrease pandemic potential

H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) continue to evolve and remain a huge threat to human health and the poultry industry. Previously, serially passaging the H7N9 A/Anhui/1/2013 virus in the presence of homologous ferret antiserum resulted in immune escape viruses containing…