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Although present conventional foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines can prevent clinical disease, protection is short lived (?6 months), often requiring frequent revaccination for prophylactic control, and vaccination does not induce rapid protection against challenge or…

In 2007, serological evidence for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infection was found as a result of differential diagnostic testing of Cypriot sheep suspected to be infected with bluetongue or contagious ecthyma. Seropositive sheep and goats were subsequently uncovered on ten…

The mechanisms responsible for lymphocyte apoptosis in bovine viral diarrhoea have not yet been clarified. Previous work suggests that bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is only directly responsible for the destruction of a small number of lymphocytes. The aim of this study…

Eight colostrum-deprived calves were inoculated intranasally with a non-cytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) genotype-1 and killed in batches of two at 3, 6, 9 and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi). Two non-inoculated animals with similar background served…

Marek's disease virus serotype 2 (Gallid herpesvirus 3) is a non-pathogenic alphaherpesvirus belonging to the Mardivirus genus, used widely in live vaccines against Marek's disease. Although the complete genome sequence of the MDV-2 strain HPRS-24 has been published, very…

Rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). The present report describes the practical steps undertaken to deploy a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) to process the samples…

An antigen delivery system based on subviral particles formed by the self-assembly of the capsid protein of infectious bursal disease virus and carrying foreign peptides at the top of the projection domain was investigated. We report here the effective insertion of the foot…

The NH/P68 non-haemadsorbing (non-HAD) African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolate contains frameshift mutations in the EP402R and adjacent EP153R genes. These encode, respectively, the protein (CD2v) that is required for the haemadsorption (HAD) of swine erythrocytes to ASFV…

Bluetongue has been recognized as a viral disease of livestock for more than 100 years. Repeated incursions of Bluetongue into Europe since 1998 have been particularly devastating for highly sensitive European fine-wool sheep breeds, and have resulted in a resurgence of…

The importance of carrier animals (those in whom virus persists after recovery from disease or acute infection) and their potential role in the spread of disease remain open questions within foot-and-mouth disease epidemiology. Using simple probabilistic models we attempt to…