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The prevalence and importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in viral infection are increasingly relevant. Eleven miRNAs were previously identified in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV); however, miRNA content in murine CMV (MCMV), which serves as an important in vivo model for CMV…

Infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV) is the cause of the single most economically costly infectious disease of domestic fowl in the UK—and probably so in many countries that have a developed poultry industry. A major reason for its continued dominance is its existence as…

The effect of administering higher payload FMD vaccines 10 days prior to severe direct contact challenge on protection from clinical disease and sub-clinical infection was investigated in cattle using two antigen payloads (single strength and 10-fold). Regardless of antigen…

Four poll Dorset sheep and four Holstein-Friesian cattle were infected with the northern European strain of bluetongue virus (BTV), BTV-8, to assess its pathogenicity in UK breeds. The time course of infection was monitored in both species by using real-time reverse…

Heartwater (cowdriosis) is a disease of ruminants caused by a rickettsial pathogen Ehrlichia ruminantium and transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the protective efficacies of inactivated and attenuated vaccines to protect…

Background: The epidemiology of E. ruminantium infection in extensively managed young animals is not adequately understood. Thus in this study, we monitored the onset (age at first infection) and kinetics of E. ruminantium infection and antibody response in extensively…

An immunohistochemical study of the tonsils was carried out to gain further insight in the pathogenesis of acute African swine fever (ASF). Twenty-one pigs were inoculated by intramuscular route with a highly virulent isolate of ASF virus and painlessly killed at 1-7 dpi…

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infection of the mouse provides a powerful model to study the pathogenesis of virus encephalitis. SFV and other alphavirus-based vector systems are increasingly used in biotechnology and medicine. This study analysed the strong susceptibility of…

The Sterile Insect Technique is a species-specific and environmentally friendly method of pest control involving mass release of sterilized insects that reduce the wild population through infertile matings(1-5). Insects carrying a female-specific autocidal genetic system…

To identify foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) specific T-cell epitopes within the entire polyprotein sequence of the virus, 442 overlapping pentadecapeptides were tested in proliferation assays using lymphocytes from cattle experimentally infected with FMDV. Four months…