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Development and evaluation of real time RT-PCR assays for detection and typing of bluetongue virus

Bluetongue virus is the type species of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. Bluetongue viruses (BTV) are transmitted between their vertebrate hosts primarily by biting midges (Culicoides spp.) in which they also replicate. Consequently BTV distribution is dependent on…

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Infectivity of wild bird origin avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 and vaccine effectiveness in chickens

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a prototype avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1), causes economically devastating disease in avian species around the world. ND is enzootic in Pakistan and recurrent outbreaks are frequent in multiple avian species even after continuous and…

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MEK2), a novel E2-interacting protein, promotes the growth of classical swine fever virus via attenuation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MEK1/2/ERK1/2) cascade is involved in the replication of several members of the Flaviviridae family including hepatitis C virus and dengue virus. The effects of the cascade on the replication of…

Transgenic larva

Inconsistencies in regulation hinders efforts to combat deadly diseases with GM technology

The full potential of genetic modification or GM technology to tackle some of the world’s most dangerous diseases is still not being realised well over a decade after it was first developed. The lack of effective international regulation, regional variations in public…

African swine fever one of the "hottest" topics at international conference

As fears grow over outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) in eastern Europe, and Moldova becomes the latest country to impose bans on certain pork meat and live animal imports, ASF is one of the "hottest" topics of discussion according to organisers of the 10th Annual…

Pirbright delegation to present at largest ever entomology conference

A large delegation from The Pirbright Institute will be flying the flag for great British science this week, at the biggest ever entomology conference. The Institute’s scientists, many of whom are world-leading experts in their respective fields, have been asked to present…

Simple field tests developed for Indian strains of bluetongue virus

Researchers at The Pirbright Institute have developed field tests for Indian strains of bluetongue virus (BTV) that are reliable, rapid and simple to use. Bluetongue is a viral disease transmitted by biting midges ( Culicoides) that infects cattle, goats, sheep and wild…

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Transduction of skin-migrating dendritic cells by human adenovirus 5 occurs via an actin-dependent phagocytic pathway

Dendritic cells (DC) are central to the initiation of immune responses and various approaches have been used to target vaccines to DC in order to improve immunogenicity. Cannulation of lymphatic vessels allows for the collection of DC that migrate from the skin. These…

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DNA barcoding and surveillance sampling strategies for Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southern India

BACKGROUND: Culicoides spp. biting midges transmit bluetongue virus (BTV), the aetiological agent of bluetongue (BT), an economically important disease of ruminants. In southern India, hyperendemic outbreaks of BT exert high cost to subsistence farmers in the region…

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Influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein prolongs viral shedding in chickens lengthening the transmission window

Avian influenza is a significant economic burden on the poultry industry in geographic regions where it is enzootic. It also poses a public health concern when avian influenza subtypes infect humans, often with high mortality. Understanding viral genetic factors which…