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Assessing evidence for avian-to-human transmission of influenza A/H9N2 virus in rural farming communities in northern Vietnam

Rural farming communities in northern Vietnam do not routinely practice vaccination for influenza A viruses (IAV) for either humans or poultry, which enables us to study transmission intensity via seroepidemiology. Using samples from a longitudinal cohort of farming…

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Mast cells and innate immunity: master troupes of the avian immune system

Mast cells (MCs) are granulated cells of haematopoietic lineage and constitute a major sensory arm of the immune system. MCs dually guard hosts and regulate immune responses against invading pathogens. This property of the MCs is attributed to their adaptability to detect…

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Double-stranded RNA induces chicken T-cell lymphoma apoptosis by TRIF and NF-κB

Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3), a member of the pathogen recognition receptor family, has been reported to activate immune response and to exhibit pro-apoptotic activity against some tumor cells. However it is unclear whether TLR3 has same function against chicken lymphoma. In…

Field test first to type FMD outside of the lab

Scientists at The Pirbright Institute have successfully validated two new portable tests for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). One test confirms the presence of FMD virus (FMDV), and the other is the first portable test able to differentiate between the four FMD…

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Properties of the tick-borne encephalitis virus population during persistent infection of ixodid ticks and tick cell lines

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a vector-borne zoonotic neuroinfection. For successful circulation in natural foci the virus has to survive in the vector for a long period of time. Information about the effect of…

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Ex vivo PD-L1/PD-1 pathway blockade reverses dysfunction of circulating CEA specific T cells in pancreatic cancer patients

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a candidate target for cellular immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer (PC). In this study, we have characterised the antigen-specific function of autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for the HLA-A2 restricted peptide, pCEA691-699…

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Preparing for the worst: African swine fever in China

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Direct detection and characterisation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in East Africa using a field-ready real-time PCR platform

Effective control and monitoring of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) relies upon rapid and accurate disease confirmation. Currently, clinical samples are usually tested in reference laboratories using standardized assays recommended by The World Organisation for Animal Health…

NC3Rs grant to reduce the number of chickens used in research

A grant has been awarded to Dr Andrew Broadbent at The Pirbright Institute, which will fund the development of laboratory techniques for studying poultry viral diseases without the need to infect live birds. The new research, funded by the National Centre for the Replacement…

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Impact of FMD outbreak on milk production and heifers' growth on a dairy herd in southern Iran

Foot and mouth disease is endemic in Middle Eastern countries including Iran but its impact is poorly characterized. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of FMD outbreak on milk production and heifers' growth in an industrial dairy herd located in Fars…