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Identification of the receptor and cellular ortholog of the Marek's disease virus (MDV) CXC chemokine

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a cell associated alphaherpesvirus that causes fatal lymphoma in chickens. One factor that plays a crucial role in MDV pathogenesis is the viral CXC chemokine vIL-8 that was originally named after chicken interleukin 8 (cIL-8). However, a…

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Administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 to chickens affects colonisation by Campylobacter jejuni and the intestinal microbiota

1. Campylobacter jejuni Is the most common bacterial cause of human food-borne gastroenteritis In the world. A major source of human Infection Is the consumption of contaminated meat, particularly poultry. New control measures to reduce or eliminate this pathogen from the…

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Haemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys - current knowledge

Haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), an adenovirus associated with acute haemorrhagic gastrointestinal disease of 6-11-week old turkeys predominantly hampers both humoral and cellular immunity. Affected birds are more prone to secondary complications (e.g. colibacillosis and…

World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease celebrates 60th Anniversary

The World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD) marked 60 years of being the global centre of expertise in the diagnostics and surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) with a two-day symposium on Monday 5 and Tuesday 6 November. The Pirbright Institute…

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Identification of the amino acid residues responsible for inhibition of host gene expression by influenza A H9N2 NS1

H9N2 influenza A viruses (IAV) are considered low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV). These viruses are endemic in poultry in many countries in Asia, the Middle East and parts of Africa. Several cases of H9N2-associated infections in humans as well as in pigs have…

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Evolutionary constraints in fitness landscapes

In the last years, several genotypic fitness landscapes—combinations of a small number of mutations—have been experimentally resolved. To learn about the general properties of “real” fitness landscapes, it is key to characterize these experimental landscapes via simple…

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The site frequency/dosage spectrum of autopolyploid populations

The Site Frequency Spectrum (SFS) and the heterozygosity of allelic variants are among the most important summary statistics for population genetic analysis of diploid organisms. We discuss the generalisation of these statistics to populations of autopolyploid organisms in…

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The neutral frequency spectrum of linked sites

We introduce the conditional Site Frequency Spectrum (SFS) for a genomic region linked to a focal mutation of known frequency. An exact expression for its expected value is provided for the neutral model without recombination. Its relation with the expected SFS for two sites…

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Temporal differentiation of bovine airway epithelial cells grown at an air-liquid interface

There is an urgent need to develop improved, physiologically-relevant in vitro models of airway epithelia with which to better understand the pathological processes associated with infection, allergies and toxicological insults of the respiratory tract of both humans and…

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Amino acid residue 217 in the hemagglutinin 1 glycoprotein is a key mediator of avian influenza H7N9 virus antigenicity

Avian influenza viruses continue to evolve and acquire mutations that facilitate antigenic drift and virulence change. In 2017, low pathogenicity H7N9 avian influenza viruses evolved to a high pathogenicity phenotype in China. The comparative antigenic analysis between the…