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Bluetongue virus serotype 8-associated hydranencephaly in two calves in south-eastern England

Developmental lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) have been described associated with transplacental infection with bluetongue virus (BTV) in cattle (MacLachlan and others 1985) and sheep (Osburn 1972). In the past, the development of these deformations was mostly…

4 cows grazing in a field

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Short-lived carriage of foot-and-mouth disease virus in human nasal cavities after exposure to infected animals

A quarantine period for potentially contaminated personnel can be used to reduce the risk of transfer of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) from infected to susceptible premises. This is set at 72 hours in the UK, on the basis of results from laboratory studies and field…

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Cloning and characterisation of the chicken orthologue of dendritic cell-lysosomal associated membrane protein (DC-LAMP)

A cDNA encoding the chicken orthologue of dendritic cell-lysosomal associated membrane protein (DC-LAMP)/CD208 was cloned by RT-PCR from RNA isolated, from mature chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (chBM-DCs). The cloned chicken DC-LAMP (chDC-LAMP) cDNA consists of…

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Generation and characterization of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived professional antigen-presenting cells. The in vitro generation of DCs from either bone marrow or blood is routine in mammals. Their distinct morphology and phenotype and their unique ability to stimulate naïve T cells are used to…

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MicroRNA-26a-mediated regulation of interleukin-2 expression in transformed avian lymphocyte lines

Micro(mi)RNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in the induction of various cancers, including lymphomas induced by oncogenic viruses. While some of the miRNAs are oncogenic, miRNAs such as miR-26a are consistently downregulated in a number of…

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Isolation and full-length sequence analysis of Armigeres subalbatus totivirus, the first totivirus isolate from mosquitoes representing a proposed novel genus (Artivirus) of the family Totiviridae

During an investigation of arboviruses in China, a novel dsRNA virus was isolated from adult female Armigeres subalbatus. Full genome sequence analysis showed the virus to be related to members of the family Totiviridae, and was therefore named Armigeres subalbatus…

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The African swine fever virus DP71L protein recruits the protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit to dephosphorylate elF2 alpha and inhibits CHOP induction but is dispensable for these activities during virus infection

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) DP71L protein is present in all isolates as either a short form of 70 to 72 amino acids or a long form of about 184 amino acids, and both of these share sequence similarity to the C-terminal domain of the herpes simplex virus ICP34.5…

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CD4 microglial expression correlates with spontaneous clinical improvement in the acute Lewis rat EAE model

CD4 is a molecule commonly expressed on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes with a recognized critical role in the antigen presentation process that has also been reported in monocytes and macrophages, although its role in these cells remains unknown. The objective of the…

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Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the outer-coat proteins VP2 and VP5 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHDV): comparison of genetic and serological data to characterise the EHDV serogroup

The outer-coat proteins, VP2 and VP5, of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) are important for host cell binding during the initiation of infection. They are also known to determine virus serotype. This study presents a complete genetic and phylogenetic analysis of…