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Seven rolls of tape on a shelf. One is white with infectious substance written on, one is red with biohazard written on. Other are white with "miscellaneous" and "biological" written on

Biosafety approaches: applying the LOPA method to high containment facilities

The risk of unplanned hazardous scenarios, such as the uncontrolled release of pathogens, is a continuous threat to biological facilities worldwide. Commonly used risk assessment tools include a Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) or a Structured What-If Technique (SWIFT) study…

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Validation of two multiplex lateral flow devices for the rapid detection and typing of foot-and-mouth disease viruses

Lateral Flow Devices (LFDs) represent a simple tool for the rapid diagnosis of FMD, particularly in endemic regions, often lacking adequate and equipped laboratories. Other experimental prototypes offer a user-friendly FMD confirmation tool, but serotype identification is…

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Animal Models in Influenza Research

Animal model systems for human and animal influenza virus infection and transmission have been established to address research questions which cannot be addressed using in vitro models. Several animal models are widely used, including mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, ferrets…

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Pasteurisation temperatures effectively inactivate influenza A viruses in milk

In late 2023 an H5N1 lineage of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) began circulating in American dairy cattle Concerningly, high titres of virus were detected in cows’ milk, raising the concern that milk could be a route of human infection. Cows’ milk is…

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The haemagglutinin gene of bovine-origin H5N1 influenza viruses currently retains receptor-binding and pH-fusion characteristics of avian host phenotype

Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has caused a panzootic affecting all continents except Australia, expanding its host range to several mammalian species. In March 2024, H5N1 HPAIV was first detected in dairy cattle and goats in the United…

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Pathophysiology of Penetrating Captive Bolt Stunning in Horned and Polled Sheep and Factors Determining Incomplete Concussion

Penetrating captive bolt (PCB) is widely used for stunning and on-farm dispatch of livestock, yet its efficacy can vary, with the potential for animal welfare compromise. This study investigated the pathophysiology of PCB-induced trauma in horned and polled sheep ( Ovis…

Singular black and white cow on dry muddy floor. Very small nodular lesions are visible all over its skin

Study reveals financial losses for dairy farmers in Thailand due to lumpy skin disease

A new study by Pirbright scientists and researchers from the Chiang Mai University in Thailand highlights the negative financial impact of lumpy skin disease (LSD) on farmers in northern Thailand. The research, published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science, revealed that…

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Marek's disease virus-encoded microRNA-M6-5p facilitates viral latent infection by targeting histone demethylase KDM2B

Marek's disease virus (MDV), a highly contagious and oncogenic avian alphaherpesvirus, establishes a latent infection primarily in CD4 + T cells. Latent infections are necessary for both persistent lifelong MDV infection and viral tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play…

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FABP4 as a therapeutic host target controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection

Host metabolic fitness is a critical determinant of infectious disease outcomes. Obesity, aging, and other related metabolic disorders are recognized as high-risk disease modifiers for respiratory infections, including coronavirus infections, though the underlying mechanisms…