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Patterns of foot-and-mouth disease virus distribution in Africa: the role of livestock and wildlife in virus emergence

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most highly contagious diseases of animals. The disease is distributed on three continents (Asia, Africa and South America) where it disrupts the food security of people who depend on livestock and animal products. Substantial…

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Expansion of anti-mesothelin specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in patients with pancreatic carcinoma

We aimed to assess the status of naturally occurring CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses to a tumour associated antigen, Mesothelin, in patients with pancreatic carcinoma and study the effects of elevated IL-10 on Mesothelin-specific T cell responses. For that sake, short…

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Different functions of the common P/V/W and V-specific domains of rinderpest virus V protein in blocking interferon signalling

The V proteins of paramyxoviruses are composed of two evolutionarily distinct domains, the amino-terminal 75% being common to the viral P, V and W proteins and not highly conserved between viruses, while the remaining 25% consists of a cysteine-rich V-specific domain which…

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A B-cell targeting virus disrupts potentially protective genomic methylation patterns in lymphoid tissue by increasing global 5-hydroxmethylcytosine levels

The mechanisms by which viruses modulate the immune system include changes in host genomic methylation. 5-hydroxmethylcytosine (5hmC) is the catalytic product of the Tet (Ten-11 translocation) family of enzymes and may serve as an intermediate of DNA demethylation. Recent…

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Development and validation of a 3ABC antibody ELISA in Australia for foot and mouth disease

Objective: To measure the diagnostic performance of an Australian-developed ELISA for the detection of antibodies against the non-structural proteins (NSP) 3ABC of the foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus. Methods: The diagnostic specificity was determined using 2535 sera from…

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NKp46+CD3+ cells: a novel nonconventional T cell subset in cattle exhibiting both NK cell and T cell features

The NKp46 receptor demonstrates a high degree of lineage specificity, being expressed almost exclusively in NK cells. Previous studies have demonstrated NKp46 expression by T cells, but NKp46+CD3+ cells are rare and almost universally associated with NKp46 acquisition by T…

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Immune characterization of long pentraxin 3 in pigs infected with influenza virus

Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a conserved pattern-recognition secreted protein and a hostdefence-related component of the humoral innate immune system. The aim of the present study was to characterize swine PTX3 (SwPTX3) protein expression in influenza virus infected pigs…

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A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza hemagglutinin

A complete phylogenetic analysis of all of the H9N2 hemagglutinin sequences that were collected between 1966 and 2012 was carried out in order to build a picture of the geographical and host specific evolution of the hemagglutinin protein. To improve the quality and…

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Toll-Like receptor responses to peste des petits ruminants virus in goats and water buffalo

Ovine rinderpest or goat plague is an economically important and contagious viral disease of sheep and goats, caused by the Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Differences in susceptibility to goat plague among different breeds and water buffalo exist. The host innate…

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Phylodynamic reconstruction of O CATHAY topotype foot-and-mouth disease virus epidemics in the Philippines

Reconstructing the evolutionary history, demographic signal and dispersal processes from viral genome sequences contributes to our understanding of the epidemiological dynamics underlying epizootic events. In this study, a Bayesian phylogenetic framework was used to explore…