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Theileria parva genetic diversity and haemoparasite prevalence in cattle and wildlife in and around Lake Mburo National Park in Uganda

Wildlife, especially Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer), are thought to act as a reservoir for many of the important tick-borne pathogens of cattle. In this study, we have determined the prevalence of the most significant tick-borne haemoparasites in wildlife (buffalo, impala…

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Developing vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease and some other exotic viral diseases of livestock. (Review)

Vaccines remain the main tool for the control of livestock viral diseases that pose a serious threat to animal and occasionally human health, reduce food security, distort trade in animals and their products, and undermine agricultural development in poor countries…

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Two Theileria parva CD8 T cell antigen genes are more variable in buffalo than cattle parasites, but differ in pattern of sequence diversity

Background: Theileria parva causes an acute fatal disease in cattle, but infections are asymptomatic in the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Cattle can be immunized against the parasite by infection and treatment, but immunity is partially strain specific. Available data…

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The reconstitution of the thymus in immunosuppressed individuals restores CD4-specific cellular and humoral immune responses

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Reducing animal experimentation in foot-and-mouth disease vaccine potency tests

The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Manual and the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) still prescribe live challenge experiments for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) immunogenicity and vaccine potency tests. However, the EP allows for other validated tests…

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Bovine plasmacytoid dendritic cells are the major source of type I interferon in response to foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro and in vivo

Type I interferons (alpha/beta interferons [IFN-?/?]) are the main innate cytokines that are able to induce a cellular antiviral state, thereby limiting viral replication and disease pathology. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a crucial role in the control of viral…

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Genome sequences of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Dublin, and Gallinarum strains of well-defined virulence in food-producing animals

Salmonella enterica is an animal and zoonotic pathogen of worldwide importance and may be classified into serovars differing in virulence and host range. We sequenced and annotated the genomes of serovar Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Dublin, and Gallinarum strains of defined…

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Hepatic immune response in calves during acute subclinical infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1

Eight colostrum-deprived calves aged 8-12 weeks were inoculated intranasally with a non-cytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) genotype-1 and the effects on the hepatic immune response were studied. Two calves were sacrificed at each of 3, 6, 9 and 14 days…

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Response of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in calves with subclinical bovine viral diarrhea challenged with bovine herpesvirus-1

The aim of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) against secondary infections. For this purpose, the profile of cytokines implicated in the immune response of calves experimentally infected with a non…

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Lack of transmission of a human influenza virus with avian receptor specificity between ferrets is not due to decreased virus shedding but rather a lower infectivity in vivo

Influenza virus attaches to host cells by sialic acid (SA). Human influenza viruses show preferential affinity for ?2,6-linked SA, whereas avian influenza viruses bind ?2,3-linked SA. In this study, mutation of the haemagglutinin receptor-binding site of a human H3N2…