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Interferon inducible transmembrane (IFITM) proteins are effectors of the immune system widely characterized for their role in restricting infection by diverse enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The chicken IFITM (chIFITM) genes are clustered on chromosome 5 and to date…

Peste-des-petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the most important infectious diseases of domesticated small ruminants. From the initial identification in 1942 in West Africa, PPR virus (PPRV) has spread throughout much of the developing world. PPRV is now considered endemic…

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes Marek's disease (MD), a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens. Understanding of MDV gene function advanced significantly following the cloning of the MDV genome as either a series of overlapping cosmids or as a…

Sentinel herds and samples submitted by private equine practitioners were used to determine the sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and equine encephalosis virus (EEV) in horse and donkey populations in the Highveld region of Zimbabwe…

In the United States, Culicoides midges vector arboviruses of economic importance such as bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. A limited number of studies have demonstrated the complexities of midge–virus interactions, including dynamic changes in virus…

Marek’s disease virus (MDV), an alphaherpesvirus of poultry, causes Marek’s disease and is characterized by visceral CD4+TCR??+ T-cell lymphomas in susceptible hosts. Immortal cell lines harbouring the viral genome have been generated from ex vivo cultures of MD tumours. As…

Transmission of viruses from the commercial poultry to wild birds is an emerging paradigm of livestock–wildlife interface. Here, we report the identification and isolation of vaccine strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV1) and avian coronaviruses (ACoV) from…

PML nuclear bodies (PNBs) are proteinaceous structures which predominantly reside inside the nuclei of mammalian cells. Their antiviral effects on a wide range of DNA and RNA viruses are shown. Viruses have evolved a diverse range of mechanisms to overcome the antiviral…

The number and diversity of viral sequences that are identified in metagenomic data far exceeds that of experimentally characterized virus isolates. In a recent workshop, a panel of experts discussed the proposal that, with appropriate quality control, viruses that are known…

Influenza A virus infections are a global health threat to humans and are endemic in pigs, contributing to decreased weight gain and suboptimal reproductive performance. Pigs are also a source of new viruses of mixed swine, avian, and human origin, potentially capable of…