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Ex vivo PD-L1/PD-1 pathway blockade reverses dysfunction of circulating CEA specific T cells in pancreatic cancer patients

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a candidate target for cellular immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer (PC). In this study, we have characterised the antigen-specific function of autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for the HLA-A2 restricted peptide, pCEA691-699…

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Preparing for the worst: African swine fever in China

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Direct detection and characterisation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in East Africa using a field-ready real-time PCR platform

Effective control and monitoring of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) relies upon rapid and accurate disease confirmation. Currently, clinical samples are usually tested in reference laboratories using standardized assays recommended by The World Organisation for Animal Health…

NC3Rs grant to reduce the number of chickens used in research

A grant has been awarded to Dr Andrew Broadbent at The Pirbright Institute, which will fund the development of laboratory techniques for studying poultry viral diseases without the need to infect live birds. The new research, funded by the National Centre for the Replacement…

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Impact of FMD outbreak on milk production and heifers' growth on a dairy herd in southern Iran

Foot and mouth disease is endemic in Middle Eastern countries including Iran but its impact is poorly characterized. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of FMD outbreak on milk production and heifers' growth in an industrial dairy herd located in Fars…

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Conditions for success of engineered underdominance gene drive systems

Engineered underdominance is one of a number of different gene drive strategies that have been proposed for the genetic control of insect vectors of disease. Here we model a two-locus engineered underdominance based gene drive system that is based on the concept of mutually…

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Decomposing the site frequency spectrum: the impact of tree topology on neutrality tests

We investigate the dependence of the site frequency spectrum (SFS) on the topological structure of genealogical trees. We show that basic population genetic statistics-for instance estimators of theta or neutrality tests such as Tajima's D-can be decomposed into components…

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Modulation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in antigen-presenting cells by bovine respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an important cause of respiratory disease in young cattle and is closely related to human RSV (HRSV), which causes severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. The RSV genome encodes a small hydrophobic (SH) protein with…

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High-speed fixed-target serial virus crystallography

We report a method for serial X-ray crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), which allows for full use of the current 120-Hz repetition rate of the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Using a micropatterned silicon chip in combination with the high-speed…

Pirbright scientists help define sheeppox costs to Mongolia

Dr Pip Beard and Dr Nick Lyons from The Pirbright Institute recently attended a workshop in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, which focused on the economic impact of sheeppox, a severe viral disease of sheep caused by infection with sheeppox virus. The virus causes classic “pox”…