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Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future

The recent arrival in Northern and Western (NW) Europe of bluetongue virus (BTV), which causes the ruminant disease bluetongue, has raised the profile of this vector-borne ruminant disease and sparked discussions on the reasons for its sudden emergence so far north. This…

A glass model of foot and mouth disease virus in black and white

Centre for Veterinary Vaccine Innovation and Manufacturing (CVIM)

Accelerating the development and deployment of vaccines for neglected and emerging livestock and zoonotic diseases. Our governance CVIM is part of The Pirbright Institute but scientifically independent as reflected in our independent Chair for the Joint Oversight Committee…

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Novel microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by herpesvirus of Turkeys: evidence of miRNA evolution by duplication

Herpesviruses account for 134 out of the 140 virus-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) known today. Here we report the identification of 11 novel miRNAs encoded by herpesvirus of turkey (HVT), a virus used as a live vaccine in poultry against the highly oncogenic Marek's disease…

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Domains involved in calcineurin phosphatase inhibition and nuclear localisation in the African swine fever virus A238L protein

Viruses have evolved to use cellular pathways to their advantage, including the ubiquitinproteasome pathway of protein degradation. In several cases, viruses produce proteins that highjack cellular E3 ligases to modify their substrate specificity in order to eliminate…

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Insect population suppression using engineered insects

Suppression or elimination of vector populations is a tried and tested method for reducing vector-borne disease, and a key component of integrated control programs. Genetic methods have the potential to provide new and improved methods for vector control. The required…

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Mouse models of rhinovirus-induced disease and exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation

Rhinoviruses cause serious morbidity and mortality as the major etiological agents of asthma exacerbations and the common cold. A major obstacle to understanding disease pathogenesis and to the development of effective therapies has been the lack of a small-animal model for…

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Bluetongue virus: European Community inter-laboratory comparison tests to evaluate ELISA and RT-PCR detection methods

European Community national reference laboratories participated in two inter-laboratory comparison tests in 2006 to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of their in-house ELISA and RT-PCR assays for the detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies and RNA. The first…

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In silico identified CCR4 antagonists target regulatory T cells and exert adjuvant activity in vaccination

Adjuvants are substances that enhance immune responses and thus improve the efficacy of vaccination. Few adjuvants are available for use in humans, and the one that is most commonly used (alum) often induces suboptimal immunity for protection against many pathogens. There is…

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Lessons for tuberculosis vaccines from respiratory virus infection

There is a worldwide epidemic of increasingly drug-resistant TB. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination provides partial protection against disseminated disease in infants but poor protection against later pulmonary TB. Cell-mediated protection against respiratory virus…

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Genomic location and characterisation of nonclassical MHC class I genes in cattle

The cattle major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region contains a variable number of classical class I genes encoding polymorphic, ubiquitously expressed molecules with a role in antigen presentation. Class I cDNA sequences have previously been reported that are thought to…