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Replication of boid inclusion body disease associated arenaviruses is temperature sensitive in both boid and mammalian cells

Boid inclusion body disease (BIDB) is a fatal disease of boid snakes, the etiology of which has only recently been revealed following the identification of several novel arenaviruses in diseased snakes. BIBD-associated arenaviruses (BIBDAV) are genetically divergent from the…

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A comparison of commercial light-emitting diode baited suction traps for surveillance of Culicoides in northern Europe

The response of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to artificial light sources has led to the use of light-suction traps in surveillance programmes. Recent integration of light emitting diodes (LED) in traps improves flexibility in trapping through reduced…

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Evaluation of two lyophilized molecular assays to rapidly detect foot-and-mouth disease virus directly from clinical samples in field settings

Accurate, timely diagnosis is essential for the control, monitoring and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Clinical samples from suspect cases are normally tested at reference laboratories. However, transport of samples to these centralized facilities can be a…

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Natural cutaneous anthrax infection, but not vaccination, induces a CD4(+) T cell response involving diverse cytokines

BACKGROUND: Whilst there have been a number of insights into the subsets of CD4(+) T cells induced by pathogenic Bacillus anthracis infections in animal models, how these findings relate to responses generated in naturally infected and vaccinated humans has yet to be fully…

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Chikungunya: a decade of global pain

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Campylobacter jejuni PflB is required for motility and colonisation of the chicken gastrointestinal tract

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Although the mechanisms by which C. jejuni causes disease are not completely understood, the presence of functional flagella appears to be required for colonisation of the…

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Molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses collected in Tanzania between 1967 and 2009

This paper describes the molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) recovered from outbreaks in Tanzania that occurred between 1967 and 2009. A total of 44 FMDV isolates, containing representatives of serotypes O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 from 13 regions…

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Partial purification of IBV and subsequent isolation of viral RNA for next-generation sequencing

RNA viruses are known for a high mutation rate and rapid genomic evolution. As such an RNA virus population does not consist of a single genotype but is rather a collection of individual viruses with closely related genotypesa quasispecies, which can be analyzed by next…

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Transient dominant selection for the modification and generation of recombinant infectious bronchitis coronaviruses

We have developed a reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in which a full-length cDNA corresponding to the IBV genome is inserted into the vaccinia virus genome under the control of a T7 promoter sequence. Vaccinia virus as a…

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Infectious bronchitis coronavirus inhibits STAT1 signalling and requires accessory proteins for resistance to type I interferon

The innate immune response is the first line of defence against viruses and the type I interferon (IFN) is a critical component of this response. Similar to other viruses, the Gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has evolved under evolutionary pressure to evade…