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The aim of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) against secondary infections. For this purpose, the profile of cytokines implicated in the immune response of calves experimentally infected with a non…

Influenza virus attaches to host cells by sialic acid (SA). Human influenza viruses show preferential affinity for ?2,6-linked SA, whereas avian influenza viruses bind ?2,3-linked SA. In this study, mutation of the haemagglutinin receptor-binding site of a human H3N2…

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes an acute vesicular disease of farm animals. The development of successful control strategies is limited by an incomplete understanding of the immune response to FMDV. Dendritic cells (DC) mediate the induction of immunity to…

Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite which is a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. It forms persistent infections which recrudesce during pregnancy leading to foetal infection and in a proportion of cases, abortion. The mechanisms underlying…

Developing vaccines for livestock provides researchers with the opportunity to perform efficacy testing in the natural hosts. This enables the evaluation of different strategies, including definition of effective antigens or antigen combinations, and improvement in delivery…

This paper describes the improvement of a rapid diagnostic test for the detection of rinderpest virus (RPV) at pen-side and the development of a similar test for the detection of another Morbillivirus, peste de petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Using the Svanova Biotech format…

The Global Rinderpest Eradication Program (GREP) aimed to eradicate rinderpest by 2010 and it is widely believed to have been successful. An integral part of the program was the submission of samples from suspect rinderpest positive animals to a local Reference Laboratory…

Bluetongue is a major infectious disease of ruminants that is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). In this study, we analyzed virulence and genetic differences of (i) three BTV field strains from Italy maintained at either a low (L strains) or high (H strains) passage number in…

Background: The rate at which viruses replicate and disseminate in competent arthropod vectors is limited by the temperature of their environment, and this can be an important determinant of geographical and seasonal limits to their transmission by arthropods in temperate…