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Rapid activation of spleen dendritic cell subsets following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of mice: analysis of the involvement of type 1 IFN

In this study, we report the dynamic changes in activation and functions that occur in spleen dendritic cell (sDC) subsets following infection of mice with a natural murine pathogen, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Within 24 h postinfection (pi), sDCs acquired the…

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Expression of proinflammatory cytokines by hepatic macrophages in acute classical swine fever

Fourteen pigs were inoculated with the 'Alfort 187' strain of classical swine fever (CSF) virus and killed in pairs at 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14 or 17 days post-inoculation for histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination. For the latter method, the…

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The glycosylation pattern of baculovirus expressed envelope protein E2 affects its ability to prevent infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus

We have investigated the role of glycosylation of the envelope glycoprotein E2 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), produced in insect cells, in BVDV infection. When amino acids predicated to code for the C-terminal N-linked glycosylation site were mutated the resulting…

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The application of new techniques to the improved detection of persistently infected cattle after vaccination and contact exposure to foot-and-mouth disease

Detection of antibodies to the non-structural proteins (NSP) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was compared with conventional serological and virological methods and with RT-PCR for the identification of FMDV carrier animals obtained after experimental contact challenge…

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Development of marker vaccines for rinderpest virus using reverse genetics technology

Rinderpest is an economically devastating disease of cattle (cattle plague), but a live-attenuated vaccine has been very successfully used in a global rinderpest eradication campaign. As a consequence, the endemic focus of the virus has been reduced to an area in eastern…

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Proinflammatory cytokines induce lymphocyte apoptosis in acute African swine fever infection

Twenty-one pigs inoculated with a highly virulent isolate (E70) of African swine fever (ASF) virus were killed 1-7 days later; a further three animals served as uninfected controls. An early increase in TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression was detected in lymphoid organs…

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Evolution of T lymphocytes and cytokine expression in classical swine fever (CSF) virus infection

This study characterized the cell-mediated immune response in pigs inoculated with the Alfort 187 isolate of classical swine fever (CSF) virus. Quantitative changes in the T-lymphocyte population (CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+)) and qualitative changes in cytokine expression (IL…

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Lymphocyte apoptosis and thrombocytopenia in spleen during classical swine fever: Role of macrophages and cytokines

Thirty-two Large White X Landrace pigs, 4 months old, were inoculated with the classical swine fever (CSF) or hog cholera virus strain "Alfort" in order to identify the mechanism responsible for the lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia observed in the spleen during the…

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Analysis of the binding of hepatitis C virus genotype 1a and 1b E2 glycoproteins to peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) binding to hepatocytes is thought to be mediated via interaction of the E2 glycoprotein with (co-)receptors including CD81 and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). Here, the expression of CD81 and SR-BI was analysed on peripheral blood…

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Ehrlichia ruminantium grows in cell lines from four ixodid tick genera

Continuous cell lines from the ticks Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were tested for ability to support growth of the rickettsial pathogen…