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We have developed a reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in which a full-length cDNA corresponding to the IBV genome is inserted into the vaccinia virus genome under the control of a T7 promoter sequence. Vaccinia virus as a…

The establishment of persistent infections with non-cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus (ncpBVDV) is crucial for the maintenance of BVDV in cattle populations. Also, super-infection of persistently infected individuals with antigenically homologous cytopathic BVDV…

Acute infection of calves, previously vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), with non-cytopathic viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) resulted in the temporary suppression of two in vitro assays used to monitor Mycobacterium bovis infection. Lymphocyte proliferation and…

This chapter concentrates on the methods used to express a Drosophila recombinat 5? ? 3?-exoribonuclease, purify the protein, and analyze its activity in vitro. Analysis of early development in Drosophila has shown that RNA localization, control of translation, and mRNA…

Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) is the causal agent of a devastating disease that affects stone fruit trees of the Prunus genus. However, it is also able to infect herbaceous hosts from several different families. This broad host range confers PPV an added value regarding its…

Classical swine fever (CSF) was induced in 20 pigs by inoculation with a virulent strain of CSF virus to determine sequential changes (2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days post-inoculation) in the number and morphology of splenic macrophages (red pulp and lymphoid marginal zone) and thus…

Control of Theileria annulata is currently best achieved by the use of live attenuated cell line vaccines. However, the mechanisms underlying attenuation are unclear and there is a need to rapidly produce new cell line vaccines, which could safely and effectively vaccinate…

Onchocerciasis is a debilitating parasitic infection caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus. Infections are chronic, and persistence of the parasites for several years argues for highly adapted mechanisms of immune evasion. Due to the restricted host repertoire…

The coronavirus nucleoprotein (N) has been reported to be involved in various aspects of virus replication. We examined by confocal microscopy the subcellular localization of the avian infectious bronchitis virus N protein both in the absence and in the context of an…

Monokines are glycoproteins, synthesised by macrophages, which exert various effects on the organism. The most important monokines are interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-6. This paper reports on immunohistochemical techniques…