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Emergence of antigenic variants within serotype A FMDV in the Middle East with antigenically critical amino acid substitutions

A new immunologically distinct strain (A-Iran-05) of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A emerged in the Middle East in 2003 that replaced the previously circulating strains (A-Iran-96 and A-Iran-99) in the region. This resulted in introduction of a new vaccine of this…

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus can induce a specific and rapid CD4+ T-cell-independent neutralizing and isotype class-switched antibody response in naive cattle

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus replicates independently of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and type III phosphatidylinositol-4-kinases

Picornaviruses form replication complexes in association with membranes in structures called replication organelles. Common themes to emerge from studies of picornavirus replication are the need for cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). In infected cells…

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Genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O isolated from Morocco in 2015

The genome of a virus isolated from an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Morocco in 2015 is described here. This virus is classified as lineage Ind-2001d within serotype O, topotype ME-SA (Middle East-South Asia). This lineage is endemic on the Indian subcontinent…

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Genome sequences of nine vesicular stomatitis virus isolates from South America

We report nine full-genome sequences of vesicular stomatitis virus obtained by Illumina next-generation sequencing of RNA, isolated from either cattle epithelial suspensions or cell culture supernatants. Seven of these viral genomes belonged to the New Jersey serotype…

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Identification of low- and high-impact hemagglutinin amino acid substitutions that drive antigenic drift of influenza A(H1N1) viruses

Influenza A viruses are characterized by rapid antigenic drift: structural changes in B-cell epitopes that facilitate escape from pre-existing immunity. Consequently, seasonal influenza continues to impose a major burden on human health. Accurate quantification of the…

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Influence of respiratory syncytial virus F glycoprotein conformation on induction of protective immune responses

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) vaccine development has received new impetus from structure-based studies of its main protective antigen; the fusion (F) glycoprotein. Three soluble forms of F have been described; monomeric, trimeric prefusion and trimeric postfusion…

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Insect transformation with piggyBac: getting the number of injections just right

The insertion of exogenous genetic cargo into insects using transposable elements is a powerful research tool with potential applications in meeting food security and public health challenges facing humanity. piggyBac is the transposable element most commonly utilized for…

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Limited genetic and antigenic diversity within parasite isolates used in a live vaccine against Theileria parva

An infection and treatment protocol is used to vaccinate cattle against Theileria parva infection. Due to incomplete cross-protection between different parasite isolates, a mixture of three isolates, termed the Muguga cocktail, is used for vaccination. While vaccination of…

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MAP4K3 modulates cell death via the post-transcriptional regulation of BH3-only proteins

Intracellular signal transduction networks involving protein kinases are important modulators of cell survival and cell death in multicellular organisms. Functional compromise of these networks has been linked to aberrant apoptosis in diseases such as cancer. To identify…