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Patterns of RNA editing in Newcastle disease virus infections

The expression of accessory non-structural proteins V and W in Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections depends on RNA editing. These proteins are derived from frameshifts of the sequence coding for the P protein via co-transcriptional insertion of one or two guanines in the…

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Adsorptive mutation and N-linked glycosylation modulate influenza virus antigenicity and fitness

Influenza viruses have an error-prone polymerase complex that facilitates a mutagenic environment. Antigenic mutants swiftly arise from this environment with the capacity to persist in both humans and economically important livestock even in the face of vaccination…

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Marek's disease virus (Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)-encoded miR-M2-5p simultaneously promotes cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis through RBM24 and MYOD1-mediated signaling pathways

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated for their involvement in virus biology and pathogenesis, including functioning as key determinants of virally-induced cancers. As an important oncogenic α-herpesvirus affecting poultry health, Marek's disease virus serotype 1 […

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Opinion: Standardizing the definition of gene drive

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Genomic diversity and evolution of quasi-species in Newcastle disease virus infections

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections are well known to harbour quasispecies, due to the error-prone nature of the RNA polymerase. Quasispecies variants in the fusion cleavage site of the virus are known to significantly change its virulence. However, little is known…

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Virus-like particle vaccines: A prospective panacea against an avian influenza panzootic

Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have resulted in the deaths of millions of birds leading to huge financial losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The roles of migratory wild birds in the harbouring, mutation, and transmission of avian influenza…

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The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has a broad tropism for mammalian ACE2 proteins

SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019, leading to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that continues to cause significant global mortality in human populations. Given its sequence similarity to SARS-CoV, as well as related coronaviruses…

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Split drive killer-rescue provides a novel threshold-dependent gene drive

A wide range of gene drive mechanisms have been proposed that are predicted to increase in frequency within a population even when they are deleterious to individuals carrying them. This also allows associated desirable genetic material ("cargo genes") to increase in…

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Vaccines that reduce viral shedding do not prevent transmission of H1N1 pandemic 2009 swine influenza a virus infection to unvaccinated pigs

Swine influenza A virus (swIAV) infection causes substantial economic loss and disease burden in humans and animals. The 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza A virus is now endemic in both populations. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of different vaccines in reducing…

Professor Mark Stevens talks about E. coli O157

The IAH’s Professor Mark Stevens (pictured being filmed) stars in, and wrote the script for, a short film made by the BBC on the subject of the bacterium Escherichia coli O157. Although the guts of all of us contain types of E. coli that are harmless, the O157 type produces…