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The dual role of a highly structured RNA (the S fragment) in the replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Secondary and tertiary RNA structures play key roles in genome replication of single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses. Complex, functional structures are particularly abundant in the untranslated regions of picornaviruses, where they are involved in initiation of…

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Arthropod-Borne Viruses of Human and Animal Importance: Overwintering in Temperate Regions of Europe during an Era of Climate Change

The past three decades have seen an increasing number of emerging arthropod-borne viruses in temperate regions This process is ongoing, driven by human activities such as inter-continental travel, combined with the parallel emergence of invasive arthropods and an underlying…

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Specific and Sensitive Visual Proviral DNA Detection of Major Pathogenic Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroups Using CRISPR-Associated Nuclease Cas13a

Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) include a group of avian retroviruses primarily associated with neoplastic diseases in poultry, commonly referred to as avian leukosis. Belonging to different subgroups based on their envelope properties, ALV subgroups A, B, and J (ALV-A, ALV-B…

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One-pot Golden Gate Assembly of an avian infectious bronchitis virus reverse genetics system

Avian infectious bronchitis is an acute respiratory disease of poultry of particular concern for global food security. Investigation of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the causative agent of avian infectious bronchitis, via reverse genetics enables deeper understanding of…

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Single-cell analysis reveals lasting immunological consequences of influenza infection and respiratory immunization in the pig lung

The pig is a natural host for influenza viruses and integrally involved in virus evolution through interspecies transmissions between humans and swine. Swine have many physiological, anatomical, and immunological similarities to humans, and are an excellent model for human…

Pink pig

Research provides ‘atlas’ for studies into pig lung immunity

A study by scientists at The Pirbright Institute and the Babraham Institute has detailed how immune cells in pigs lung change after influenza infection or vaccination. For protection against influenza in livestock or humans, it is important that a vaccine induces the right…

Pink pig

Research provides ‘atlas’ for studies into pig lung immunity

A study by scientists at The Pirbright Institute and the Babraham Institute has detailed how immune cells in pigs lung change after influenza infection or vaccination. For protection against influenza in livestock or humans, it is important that a vaccine induces the right…

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Comparing Phylogeographies to Reveal Incompatible Geographical Histories within Genomes

Modern phylogeography aims at reconstructing the geographic movement of organisms based on their genomic sequences and spatial information. Phylogeographic approaches are often applied to pathogen sequences and therefore tend to neglect the possibility of recombination…

Person behind lecturn in front of a screen that has opening slide of a Marek's disease presentation. In the foreground are two people sat looking at the screen

Poultry health course flies high

A practical poultry health course aimed at industry specialists has made a welcome return to The Pirbright Institute after a five-year hiatus. Some 16 participants from veterinary practices and government agencies joined the week-long series of hands-on practical sessions…

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Comparative evaluation of disease dynamics in wild boar and domestic pigs experimentally inoculated intranasally with the European highly virulent African swine fever virus genotype II strain "Armenia 2007"

Since the reintroduction of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Europe in 2007 and its subsequent spread to Asia, wild boar has played a crucial role in maintaining and disseminating the virus. There are significant gaps in the knowledge regarding infection dynamics and…