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Bluetongue virus: Cell biology (Chapter 5)

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Genetic economy in picornaviruses: foot-and-mouth disease virus replication exploits alternative precursor cleavage pathways

The RNA genomes of picornaviruses are translated into single polyproteins which are subsequently cleaved that into structural and non-structural protein products. For genetic economy, proteins and processing intermediates have evolved to perform distinct functions. The…

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Structures of foot and mouth disease virus pentamers: Insight into capsid dissociation and unexpected pentamer reassociation

This is the first structure of dissociated pentamers for FMDV, and indeed for any picornavirus. We also present the first visualization of a picornavirus particle assembled from pentamers comprising VP1, 2 and 3. The formation of regular assemblies rather than random…

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Deletion of the African swine fever virus gene DP148R does not reduce virus replication in culture but reduces virus virulence in pigs and induces high levels of protection against challenge

Many of the approximately 165 proteins encoded by African swine fever virus do not have significant similarity to known proteins and have not been studied experimentally. One such protein is DP148R. We showed that the DP148R gene is transcribed at early times post-infection…

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Dendrimeric peptides can confer protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals. A synthetic vaccine candidate consisting of dendrimeric peptides harbouring two copies of a B-epitope [VP1(136154)] linked to a T-cell epitope [3A(2135)] of FMDV confers…

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The measles virus receptor SLAMF1 can mediate particle endocytosis

The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule F1 (SLAMF1) is both a microbial sensor and entry receptor for measles virus (MeV). Herein, we describe a new role for SLAMF1 to mediate MeV endocytosis that is in contrast with the alternative, and generally accepted, model that…

Twinning with Uganda

It is widely recognised that a global approach is required to combat the rapid and widespread occurrence of virus diseases in livestock. Playing a pivitol role in the fight against these economically important diseases are The Pirbright Institute’s Reference Laboratories…

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Human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells promote intracellular crawling of lymphocytes during recruitment: A new step in migration

The recruitment of lymphocytes via the hepatic sinusoidal channels and positioning within liver tissue is a critical event in the development and persistence of chronic inflammatory liver diseases. The hepatic sinusoid is a unique vascular bed lined by hepatic sinusoidal…

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Norovirus polymerase fidelity contributes to viral transmission in vivo

Intrahost genetic diversity and replication error rates are intricately linked to RNA virus pathogenesis, with alterations in viral polymerase fidelity typically leading to attenuation during infections in vivo. We have previously shown that norovirus intrahost genetic…

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Identifying novel protein interactions: Proteomic methods, optimisation approaches and data analysis pipelines

The technological revolution in high-throughput nucleic acid and protein analysis in the last 15 years has launched the field of 'omics' and led to great advances in our understanding of cell biology. Consequently the study of the cellular proteome and protein dynamics, in…